UK Mobile Networks List: All Providers and MVNOs Explained
Searching for a UK mobile networks list can be confusing because the UK has (1) a small number of mobile network operators who own the infrastructure, and (2) many popular brands that operate as MVNOs (virtual networks) using that infrastructure.
Quick answer
UK mobile networks usually means the main infrastructure operators plus MVNO brands that run on them.
- Main operator groups (infrastructure owners): EE, Virgin Media O2, VodafoneThree
- MVNO examples: giffgaff, Tesco Mobile, Sky Mobile, VOXI, Lebara, SMARTY, iD Mobile (and many more)
- Tip: MVNO coverage is usually similar to the underlying host network, but features (5G/eSIM/Wi-Fi calling/roaming) can differ by plan and provider.
1) MNO vs MVNO: what’s the difference?
Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) own and run the infrastructure (masts, spectrum, and the core network). MVNOs are brands that sell SIM plans but use an MNO’s network behind the scenes.
Decision table: should you choose an MNO or MVNO?
| If you care most about… | Usually best fit | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum features (Wi-Fi calling, VoLTE, eSIM, roaming options) | MNO (or a top-tier MVNO) | Does the plan support eSIM, Wi-Fi calling, and 5G? |
| Lowest price and simple SIM-only deals | MVNO | Any speed limits? Any tethering or fair-usage policies? |
| Coverage in your area | Either (depends on host network) | Check coverage maps for the host network and test with PAYG if unsure. |
| Customer support and in-store help | MNO | Support channels, store access, and complaint handling. |
Best practice: pick the host network that works where you live/work, then choose the plan/brand that matches your budget and feature needs.
2) UK mobile network operators (the infrastructure owners)
Historically, the UK had four MNO brands (EE, O2, Vodafone, Three). In 2025, Vodafone UK and Three UK merged into a combined group called VodafoneThree (the merger completed on 31 May 2025), while brands and partner providers continue to operate. Official merger announcement
- EE (part of BT)
- Virgin Media O2 (the O2 network group)
- VodafoneThree (Vodafone + Three group)
3) UK mobile networks list: providers and which network they use
Below is a practical mapping of popular brands to their host network. Partnerships can change, so if you need absolute certainty, use the “how to check” steps in the next section.
Quick mapping (most searched providers)
- giffgaff → O2 (powered by O2)
- Tesco Mobile → O2 (powered by O2’s network)
- Sky Mobile → O2 (commonly described as using O2 infrastructure)
- VOXI → Vodafone (Vodafone brand)
- Lebara → Vodafone (Vodafone MVNO partner)
- Talkmobile → Vodafone (Vodafone-owned)
- SMARTY → Three (powered by Three)
- iD Mobile → Three (network partner Three; benefits from VodafoneThree rollout) (iD merger info)
Provider → Host network mapping table
| Provider | Type | Host network / group | Notes to check |
|---|---|---|---|
| EE | MNO | EE | Strong feature set; confirm eSIM, Wi-Fi calling, roaming options by plan. |
| O2 | MNO | Virgin Media O2 | Check 5G coverage and Wi-Fi calling support on your device/plan. |
| Vodafone | MNO brand | VodafoneThree | Network-sharing improvements roll out over time; check coverage map. |
| Three | MNO brand | VodafoneThree | Network-sharing improvements roll out over time; check coverage and VoLTE. |
| giffgaff | MVNO | O2 | Confirm 5G, Wi-Fi calling, roaming rules, and any plan limits on the provider site. |
| Tesco Mobile | MVNO | O2 | Confirm eSIM availability, Wi-Fi calling support, and roaming rules. |
| Sky Mobile | MVNO | O2 | Check data rollover, coverage, and roaming terms. |
| VOXI | MVNO / sub-brand | Vodafone | Check social/video pass rules, 5G eligibility, and plan caps. |
| Lebara | MVNO | Vodafone | Check roaming packs, international call allowances, and 5G support. |
| Talkmobile | MVNO / sub-brand | Vodafone | Check 5G, Wi-Fi calling, and eSIM availability. |
| SMARTY | MVNO / sub-brand | Three (VodafoneThree group) | Check 5G availability and device requirements (VoLTE/4G calling). |
| iD Mobile | MVNO | Three (VodafoneThree group) | Check when network-sharing improvements arrive in your area. |
Feature availability varies: some providers offer eSIM and Wi-Fi calling widely, while others offer them only on certain plans or devices. Always check your chosen provider’s support pages before buying.
4) How to check what network a provider uses
If you’re not sure which host network a provider uses, these checks are fast and reliable:
- Look for wording like “powered by” on the provider’s homepage, coverage page, or help centre.
- Check the coverage checker: many MVNOs explicitly name the host network on their coverage page.
- Search the provider help centre for “network”, “coverage”, “powered by”, “host network”.
- Ask support in writing (live chat/email) if you need certainty for business decisions.
5) Checklist: how to choose the right UK mobile provider
- Coverage where you need it: home, work, commute, and any frequent travel routes
- 5G and speed: is 5G available in your area and on your plan?
- eSIM: do you need eSIM (dual SIM, travel, business phones)?
- Wi-Fi calling / VoLTE: important for indoor coverage and call quality
- Roaming: do you travel? check EU/Worldwide roaming rules and caps
- Customer support: app support, phone support, stores (if important)
- Price & contract type: 30-day rolling vs long contract, any upfront costs
6) Switching networks: timelines, rules, and avoiding double charges
If you’re switching provider and want to keep your number, the easiest method is using a PAC code. Ofcom explains the official mobile switching process, including timeframes and protections, here: Ofcom: switching mobile provider
Switching timeline (Ofcom)
- Get a PAC: text PAC to 65075 (single number)
- PAC validity: 30 days
- Expected completion: your number is normally ported within one working day once your new provider receives the PAC
- Avoid double charges: give the PAC/STAC to your new provider so end dates align
- Delayed switch: Ofcom notes you can be entitled to compensation if switching is delayed beyond the normal timeframe
7) Troubleshooting: common issues when choosing or switching networks
“I have signal but calls don’t work”
- Check if your device supports VoLTE / 4G Calling on your network.
- Restart your phone and toggle airplane mode.
- Ask your provider to confirm call provisioning for your SIM/eSIM.
“5G doesn’t show up”
- Confirm your plan includes 5G and your device supports it.
- Check 5G coverage for your postcode (coverage can vary street-by-street).
- Update carrier settings / OS updates.
“My number transfer is delayed”
- Contact the new provider first (they run the port request).
- Ask for the scheduled port time window and escalation path.
- Use the official process: see PAC code explained.
8) Buying a memorable number and picking the right network
If you’re buying a premium or memorable number, your network choice still matters for coverage and usage. Many people pick the best host network for their area first, then connect a better number to it.
FAQ
What are the main mobile networks in the UK?
The UK’s operator groups are commonly described as EE, Virgin Media O2, and VodafoneThree (Vodafone + Three group).
Is an MVNO worse than a main network?
Not necessarily. MVNOs often use similar coverage to the host network, but features and priority can differ by provider and plan (e.g., eSIM, Wi-Fi calling, roaming rules).
How do I know which network a provider uses?
Check the provider’s official help centre or coverage page for “powered by” wording, or use the steps in section 4.
How long does it take to switch mobile networks and keep my number?
Once your new provider receives your PAC, your number is normally ported within one working day (see Ofcom switching guidance linked above).
Next read: How to change your UK phone number • PAC code explained